CHAVARRIA Surname Meaning and Family History

CHAVARRIA Surname Meaning and Family History The Chavarria surname means new house, originating as a common variation of the surname Echevarria (Basque Extebarria), derived from the elements  exte, meaning house and  barria, meaning new. Its origins are rooted in the Northern Basque region. Alternate Surname Spellings:  ECHAVARRIA, CHAVARRI, CHAVARIA, ECHAVARIA, CHAVARRA, ECHEBERRIA, ECHEBARRIA, ETCHEVERRI, DETCHEVERRY, ECHEBARRI Surname Origin:  Basque, Spanish, French Famous People With the CHAVARRIA  Surname Daniel Chavarrà ­a  - Uruguay-born revolutionary and writer living in CubaJorge Rossi Chavarrà ­a - Costa Rican politician Where Is the CHAVARRIA Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, Chavarria is the 2,959th most common name in the world- found most prevalently in Mexico. It is most common, however, in countries such as Nicaragua (ranked 27th) and Costa Rica (ranked 35th). Within the United States, the Chavarria surname is most common in states with a large Spanish-speaking population, including New Mexico, Texas, California and Florida. Surname maps from the Instituto Nacional de Estadestica (Spanish Statistics Office) indicate that the Chavarria surname is most frequently found in northeastern Spain, used most frequently by individuals born in the province of Tarragona, followed by Cuenca, Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CHAVARRIA GenForum: Chavarria: This free genealogy forum includes posts from individuals researching their Chavarria ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for posts about your Chavarria ancestors, or join and post your own Chavarria query.FamilySearch - CHAVARRIA Genealogy: Explore over 524,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Chavarria surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Chavarria  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Chavarria  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

economic impact of railways Essay Example

economic impact of railways Essay Example economic impact of railways Essay economic impact of railways Essay Hypotesis : Economic impact of Railways in India Railroads, therefore, became an inevitable option for the newly-developing giant in asia. As one of the pioneers in South Asia, india gave the needed performance for building a successful network of railroads and consequently this action has been one major factor in the process of fast economic development. Although former ruler, the great britian had already establish one for the colonial aims, india took reall good advantage of this already-perfected system of cheap and effective method of transportation. The theory explains us how firms gain leadership in the industry . Competitive advantage rests on the notion that cheap labor is ubiquitous and natural resources are not necessary for a good economy. Competitive advantage attempts to correct for this issue by stressing maximizing scale economies in goods and services that garner premium prices. Effective production is based on other complementary functions such as capital amount , cost efficiency and employment capacity . According to the competitive advantage theory, employer must find cheapest resource and employees for effective production . Michael Porter identified competitive advantage in two basic model: one thats cost advantage and differention dvantage . Cost advantage is based on using right resources and produce effectively . this strategy improves with globalization and technological developments so companies builds their plants near resources or find cheap labor to gain cost advantage among other firms in market . o they keep power in hand and shape marketing strategies accordingly . IN most countries the pattern of railway lines is determined by the geography (mountains, rivers, and coastal shape), and also reveals the countrys industrial and political history. Railways in Britain are strongly centred on London, which was the hub of finance and industrial enterprise when ost of the main lines were projected in the 1830s and 1840s. The routes link up seaports, coalfields, and big industri al cities. French railways radiate from Paris like the spokes of a wheel, but their biggest network of lines is in the industrial north and east. Belgium, on a railway map, looks like a mere continuation of France, for there are no geographical or political barriers between the two countries, and the French lines seem to run straight through Belgium. Many lines from both Paris and Berlin run straight to the frontier-between France and Germany; ever since the war of 1870 overnments of both countries have encouraged these strategic railways, to carry troops in the event of war. One of the queerest railway patterns in Europe is formed by the two main lines that run along the banks of the River Rhine, sometimes within sight of one another, for a distance of more than loo miles. This deep and wide river, carrying much small shipping, has few bridges. The big cities of Germany are spread so widely over the country that its railway system is based on several regional capitals. The main lines of Czechoslovakia and Western Poland still show the railway attern that was laid down when they were part of the German and Austrian Empires up till 1918. They are, therefore, centred on Berlin and Viena The main lines of north Italy, Joining industrial cities and receiving hydro-electric power from the Alps, are southern Italy has few industries. Swiss railways are notable for the bold engineering which has run main-line express routes through long mountain tunnels, and for the ingenious methods devised for steep climbing by mountain railways. The record railway height in Europe is reached by the Jungfrau railway, one station being 11,465 feet above sea-level. This line has a gauge of 1 metre (3 ft. in. , and climbs continuous gradients of 1 in 4 or 1 in 5 by the rack-and-pinion method. The highest through-route in Switzerland is the metre-gauge Bernina line, which rises to 7,400 feet; it climbs a gradient of 1 in 14 by the grip of ordinary wheels on plain rails. Of the total mileage of the railways of the world, nearly one-third 227,244 miles is in the U. S. A. The American lines are all privately owned by separate companies. In th e Eastern States the largest railways are the New York Central (11,000 miles) and the Pennsylvania Railroad (10,000 miles). Both connect New York with Chicago, the chief railway centre of the U. S. A. Following the race between two companies in the 1860s to link the Atlantic and Pacific coasts by rail several lines were laid across the Rocky Mountains. One railway, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa F? ©, running between Chicago and Los Angeles, climbs the 7,600-foot Raton Pass across the Rockies. Another line rises to 9,000 feet to run through the Moffat tunnel. Although the less mountainous central and eastern States have a thick network of lines, thousands of square miles of the Western States are far from a railway. All the greatest heights that have been reached by railways are in South America, in the Andes mountains. The mineral wealth of the mountains has encouraged the building of many railways from the Pacific coast up to the highlands of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia. The most notable line is the Central, of Peru, which runs from Callao, the port of Lima. In one stretch of over 100 miles this railway zigzags up steep valleys on a continuous gradient of 1 in 25 and using twenty-one reversing stations; these are points at which a train, having no room to turn at the end of one climb, backs towards the next stage of its climb (see picture). This railway rises to a height of 15,806 feet above sea-level, having passed through a tunnel at 1 5,694 feet. Oxygen is carried for passengers who suffer from mountain sickness, or faintness caused by the thin air at a high altitude. Another railway in Peru takes passengers 12,500 feet up to Lake Titicaca. One railway, starting from Antofagasta in Chile, rises to 12,000 feet and does not drop below that level for 500 miles. A branch of this line attains at Montt the worlds record railway altitude of 1 5,817 feet all but level with the summit of Mont Blanc. These railways, except for the Central of Peru, are all of I-metre gauge. The Trans-Andine Railway, linking Argentine with Chile, had to use rack-and-pinion climbing methods on steep radients of 1 in 124. One of the most remarkable railway systems in the world is the Trans-Siberian Railway, which runs right across the U. S. S. R. in Asia. It is physically possible to travel by railway from Britain to China, with very few changes of train on the way, by taking the railway ferry from England to France and a Trans-Siberian train for the longest stage. Even if there were no political hindrances to free travel, a change of train would still have to be made at the western frontier of Russia, for the Russian track gauge is 3h inches wider than the European standard of 4 ft. h in. From Moscow to the end of the railway, Vladivostok on the Pacific, is a Journey of nearly 6,000 miles, taking 9 days in normal conditions, and forming the longest the line a train runs through Manchuria, connecting with a Chinese railway to Peking and other cities in the heart of China. Where the Trans-Siberian Railway reaches Lake Baykal in the mountains of central Asia, the engineers who built the line could not take it across the lake, which is 30 miles wide at its narrowest. For some years the trains were carried across the lake in ferries during the summer months; in winter he ice on the lake was thick enough to bear the weight of trains running on a railway track laid over it. Later, however, the two ends of the line were linked up by a permanent track laid round the shore of the lake. Australias greatest railway problem is that of gauges, as various States have gauges of 5 ft. 3 in. , 4 ft. 8h in. , and 3 ft. 6 in. Australia has the longest stretch of perfectly straight line in the world 328 miles across the Nullarbor Plain, an uninhabited wilderness withont a single tree. Yet within a few hours Journey the passenger finds himself in Flinders Street Station in Melbourne, which claims to be the busiest in the world, handling over 300,000 passengers daily. The biggest steel-arch railway bridge in the world is Sydney Harbour Bridge The thirteen main-line railways of India and Pakistan are owned by their governments. Roughly half their mileage is the broad 5 ft. 6 in. gauge, while other railways are 1 metre, 2 ft, 6 in. , and 2 foot. Famous mountain lines are the rack- and-pinion metre-gauge railway which reaches a height of 7,275 feet in the Nilgiri Hills, and the 2-foot-gauge Darjeeling-Himalaya Railway, rising to 7,407 feet at Ghoom.

Rehtorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rehtorical analysis - Essay Example The impact that the image has on the target audience by virtue of the ethos that oozes out of it is indeed amazing and noteworthy. There is no denying the fact that in the last decade, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West did happen to be one of the most fashionable and talked about couple in the world. Thereby the strategy of Vogue to tag the fashionable aura of Kim Kardashian and Kanye West with the discernibly fashion associated credentials of the magazine has loaded the image with much credibility and believability. The target audience simply cannot help taking the image with all the due credibility, veracity and appeal that it commands. The image with the sense of grace and sophistication it carries when juxtaposed with the background text mentioning Vogue did indeed bring out much substance and reliability. Besides the placement of the image of their daughter North, embossed on the larger image does bring in a familial element and appeal to the image. The message that it does try to c onvey is that yes it is indeed possible to be a family person and yet be fashionable. This extends the appeal of the issue beyond its conventional audience to a clientele that is family oriented and somewhat prosaic as the subtext in the image mentions, â€Å"Kim & Kanye: Their fashionable life and surreal times.† The image no way lacks in pathos coefficient as it also impresses the audience with the emotional appeal that it carries. Everybody likes to be fashionable and almost many people love children. Thereby, frankly speaking no matter how glamorous or celebrity a person may be, still the fact that one is a parent does accrue much emotional backing to one. In that context the image of their daughter North juxtaposed on their romantic image in which the two of them are fashionably dressed and are coalesced in a romantic embrace is poised to eke out the emotions of even the most unfashionable and prosaic of a family person. The placement of the image of